Scotland

There are several places in England which feature strongly in Scottish history, especially along the borders and in the very north of England. While places such as Berwick-upon-Tweed (South Berwick to the Scots) changed hands frequently other places were simply a tasty target for attack and plunder. The important city of York frequently appears in Scottish history and it is York that I shall introduce you to here.

The historic city of York has a rich cultural heritage dating back to the Roman Conquest of Britain and has been influenced by many different and diverse races such as the Angles, Normans and Vikings. It is from the Viking name for the city, Jorvik, that the current name of York was derived and you can learn much of this period of the city’s history at the superb Jorvik Viking Centre.

One of the most striking features of the city is the medieval architecture of the town centre dominated by the Gothic York Minster. If you are planning a city break in York then you really must make time to visit the Minster. Inside you will find the largest medieval stained glass window in the world along with other superb examples of this spectacular form of art.

Other historic buildings include the unmissable Clifford’s Tower. Like many ancient castles Clifford’s Tower (the last remnant of York Castle) has been the scene of much bloodshed. Besides the gory display of the bodies of nobles, including Sir Roger Clifford, hanging from the tower in chains (1322), the most horrible story associated with the Tower relates to the year 1190. In 1190 an angry mob grew up in the city and set upon Jewish residents killing several of them. With no other option open to them they sought refuge in York Castle keep (a wooden structure on the site of Clifford’s Tower) which was subsequently set alight. Some of those inside died as a result of the fire while others chose suicide but many surrendered to the mob who set upon and killed them all. Estimates of the dead range from the conservative estimate of 150 to an alarming 500.

While many visitors to York choose to stay to enjoy the historic aspects of the city many others flock to the city to enjoy it’s vibrant nightlife. Boosted by a healthy number of tourists and a mass of students and you will find that there are many lively pubs, bars and cafes in the city centre (Bettys Tea Rooms should be mentioned here I think – look out for the two of them if you stay there).

One of the best pubs in York is the Black Swan which serves locally brewed beers in a wonderful environment which often features live music. As well as night clubs such as Ziggy’s and the Gallery there is also Fibbers which is where you should head for if you like live rock/pop/indie music.

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